This study assesses mangrove restoration as a nature-based coastal defence against storm surge and sea-level rise, comparing wave-attenuation performance across restoration sites of varying age and planting density.
Restored mangrove stands over five years old attenuated storm-surge wave energy substantially more effectively than younger stands, indicating that restoration timelines — not just total area restored — should factor directly into coastal protection planning.
Commissioned by the Coastal Conservancy, the research recommends a phased restoration and protection strategy that maintains interim hard-engineering measures until restored mangrove stands reach effective maturity.